| | Before PPS | After PPS |
|---|
N (%) | p-valueΦ | OR | N (%) | p-valueΦ | OR |
|---|
Inpatient mortality a |
No anaemia α | 2594 (2.1) | | Ref | 3993 (1.68) | | Ref |
Anaemia β | 645 (1.29) | *** | 0.61*** (0.56–0.67) | 2160 (1.2) | *** | 0.72*** (0.68–0.76) |
Discharge to a healthcare facility b |
No anaemia α | 41,606 (35.3) | | Ref | 83,812 (36.7) | | Ref |
Anaemia β | 16,150 (33.4) | *** | 0.93*** (0.91–0.95) | 63,387 (36.5) | 0.30 | 1.00 (1.00–1.02) |
| | Mean (SD) | p-value¥ | Marginal effects | Mean (SD) | p-value¥ | Marginal effects |
Hospital cost (2016 USD) c |
No anaemia | 11,565 (14623) | | Ref | 10,859 (14454) | | Ref |
Anaemia | 11,352 (13032) | ** | 768*** (654–882) | 10,790 (12480) | 0.11 | 683*** (615–752) |
- Note: a,b,c All models were adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic variables (insurance type, gender, age at admission, median household income for patient’s ZIP Code, location), clinical variables (renal replacement therapies, iron deficiency, proteinuria, age adjusted comorbidity score ACCI, hospital characteristics, diabetes with or without complications), and year of admission. a Logistic regression model; b Logistic regression model, restricted to admissions who were alive at discharge, c Generalized linear models, additionally adjusted for inpatient mortality. OR: odds ratio, 95%CI: 95% confidence interval. Marginal effect estimates are presented in form of incremental/decremented hospital cost. αThe number (percentage) of admissions who died in hospitals/were discharged to a healthcare facility and who did not have anaemia diagnosis, βThe number (percentage) of admissions who died in hospitals/were discharged to a healthcare facility and who had anaemia diagnosis. Φ Chi square test, ¥ Independent sample T-test. Ref: reference group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
