Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the high-risk CKD group eligible for SGLT2i
From: Barriers to initiating SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic kidney disease: a real-world study
SGLT2i | Overall(n = 905) | Nonusers(n = 607) | Initiators(n = 298) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yr | 63.2 ± 12.2 | 65.8 ± 12.3 | 56.5 ± 10.5 | < 0.001 |
Male gender | 558 (61.7 %) | 365 (60.1 %) | 193 (64.8 %) | 0.202 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 26.4 ± 3.9 | 25.4 ± 3.5 | 28.3 ± 3.9 | < 0.001 |
Duration of diabetes, yr | 12.3 ± 8.5 | 13.3 ± 8.8 | 10.2 ± 7.5 | < 0.001 |
HbA1c, % | 7.6 ± 1.3 | 7.3 ± 1.3 | 8.0 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 83.4 ± 19.3 | 79.7 ± 18.9 | 90.7 ± 18.2 | < 0.001 |
eGFR category | < 0.001 | |||
G1 | 372 (41.1 %) | 196 (32.3 %) | 176 (59.1 %) | |
G2 | 399 (44.1 %) | 295 (48.6 %) | 104 (34.9 %) | |
G3a | 134 (14.8 %) | 116 (19.1 %) | 18 (6.0 %) | |
Albuminuria category | 0.911 | |||
A2 | 596 (65.9 %) | 401 (66.1 %) | 195 (65.4 %) | |
A3 | 309 (34.1 %) | 206 (33.9 %) | 103 (34.6 %) | |
Diabetic retinopathy | 0.019 | |||
No | 492 (54.4 %) | 345 (56.8 %) | 147 (49.3 %) | |
Yes | 284 (31.4 %) | 172 (28.3 %) | 112 (37.6 %) | |
Not available | 129 (14.3 %) | 90 (14.8 %) | 39 (13.1 %) | |
SBP, mm Hg | 131.2 ± 15.0 | 131.0 ± 15.6 | 131.8 ± 13.9 | 0.435 |
DBP, mm Hg | 75.6 ± 9.8 | 75.0 ± 9.8 | 76.9 ± 9.6 | 0.007 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 71.5 ± 24.3 | 72.5 ± 24.5 | 69.6 ± 24.0 | 0.094 |
Triglyceride, mg/dL | 150.2 ± 124.5 | 145.7 ± 98.3 | 159.6 ± 165.2 | 0.181 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 48.2 ± 17.2 | 48.1 ± 16.3 | 48.4 ± 18.8 | 0.818 |
Cancer | 65 (7.2 %) | 55 (9.1 %) | 10 (3.4 %) | 0.003 |
Recent hospitalization | 150 (16.6 %) | 117 (19.3 %) | 33 (11.1 %) | 0.003 |
CVD-HF | 339 (37.5 %) | 221 (36.4 %) | 118 (39.6 %) | 0.391 |
Heart failure | 26 (2.9 %) | 7 (1.2 %) | 19 (6.4 %) | < 0.001 |
Stroke | 113 (12.5 %) | 92 (15.2 %) | 21 (7.0 %) | 0.001 |
CAD | 219 (24.2 %) | 128 (21.1 %) | 91 (30.5 %) | 0.002 |
PAOD | 23 (2.5 %) | 19 (3.1 %) | 4 (1.3 %) | 0.167 |
Duration of CVD-HF, yr | 6.8 ± 5.5 | 7.4 ± 5.7 | 5.8 ± 4.8 | 0.007 |
SGLT2i initiation year | < 0.001 | |||
2015 | 0 (0.0 %) | 45 (15.1 %) | ||
2016 | 0 (0.0 %) | 52 (17.4 %) | ||
2017 | 0 (0.0 %) | 47 (15.8 %) | ||
2018 | 0 (0.0 %) | 82 (27.5 %) | ||
2019 | 0 (0.0 %) | 57 (19.1 %) | ||
2020 | 0 (0.0 %) | 15 (5.0 %) | ||
not applicable | 607 (100.0 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | ||
Medication (%) | ||||
Metformin | 837 (92.5 %) | 554 (91.3 %) | 283 (95.0 %) | 0.05 |
Insulin | 220 (24.3 %) | 128 (21.1 %) | 92 (30.9 %) | 0.008 |
RAASi | 641 (70.8 %) | 416 (68.5 %) | 225 (75.5 %) | 0.066 |
Statins | 813 (89.8 %) | 532 (87.6 %) | 281 (94.3 %) | < 0.001 |