Table 1 Patient characteristics by medication group
From: Proton-pump inhibitor vs. H2-receptor blocker use and overall risk of CKD progression
Factor | N missing | Overall (N = 25,455) | None (N = 15,961) | PPI (N = 8646) | H2 (N = 848) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 0 | 73.2 ± 11.0 | 73.4 ± 11.1 | 72.8 ± 10.9 | 73.2 ± 11.4 | 0.001a |
Male Sex | 0 | 10,722 (42.1) | 7092 (44.4) | 3322 (38.4) | 308 (36.3) | < 0.001c |
African American | 0 | 2982 (11.7) | 1896 (11.9) | 970 (11.2) | 116 (13.7) | 0.060c |
Smoke | 0 |  |  |  |  | < 0.001c |
 No |  | 23,190 (91.1) | 14,486 (90.8) | 7938 (91.8) | 766 (90.3) |  |
 Yes |  | 2035 (8.0) | 1300 (8.1) | 663 (7.7) | 72 (8.5) |  |
 Missing |  | 230 (0.90) | 175 (1.1) | 45 (0.52) | 10 (1.2) |  |
BMI | 270 | 30.1 ± 6.7 | 29.8 ± 6.6 | 30.5 ± 6.7 | 30.7 ± 7.3 | < 0.001a |
BMI group | 0 |  |  |  |  | < 0.001c |
  < 18.5 kg/m2 |  | 295 (1.2) | 204 (1.3) | 82 (0.95) | 9 (1.1) |  |
 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 |  | 5203 (20.4) | 3475 (21.8) | 1551 (17.9) | 177 (20.9) |  |
 25–29.9 kg/m2 |  | 8638 (33.9) | 5446 (34.1) | 2941 (34.0) | 251 (29.6) |  |
 30–34.9 kg/m2 |  | 6064 (23.8) | 3654 (22.9) | 2207 (25.5) | 203 (23.9) |  |
 35–39.9 kg/m2 |  | 2872 (11.3) | 1703 (10.7) | 1051 (12.2) | 118 (13.9) |  |
 40+ kg/m2 |  | 2113 (8.3) | 1275 (8.0) | 760 (8.8) | 78 (9.2) |  |
 Missing |  | 270 (1.1) | 204 (1.3) | 54 (0.62) | 12 (1.4) |  |
eGFR | 0 | 50.0 ± 9.2 | 50.1 ± 9.1 | 49.8 ± 9.5 | 49.2 ± 9.0 | 0.004a |
CKD stage | 0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.021c |
 3a. 45–59 |  | 19,584 (76.9) | 12,333 (77.3) | 6619 (76.6) | 632 (74.5) |  |
 3b. 30–44 |  | 4703 (18.5) | 2940 (18.4) | 1582 (18.3) | 181 (21.3) |  |
 4. 15–29 |  | 1054 (4.1) | 624 (3.9) | 400 (4.6) | 30 (3.5) |  |
 5. < 15 |  | 114 (0.45) | 64 (0.40) | 45 (0.52) | 5 (0.59) |  |
Diabetes | 0 | 8695 (34.2) | 5276 (33.1) | 3108 (35.9) | 311 (36.7) | < 0.001c |
Malignancy | 0 | 5889 (23.1) | 3646 (22.8) | 2084 (24.1) | 159 (18.8) | < 0.001c |
Hypertension | 0 | 24,775 (97.3) | 15,487 (97.0) | 8462 (97.9) | 826 (97.4) | < 0.001c |
Hyperlipidemia | 0 | 22,525 (88.5) | 14,012 (87.8) | 7764 (89.8) | 749 (88.3) | < 0.001c |
Coronary artery disease | 0 | 5340 (21.0) | 2910 (18.2) | 2243 (25.9) | 187 (22.1) | < 0.001c |
Congestive heart failure | 0 | 2194 (8.6) | 1175 (7.4) | 941 (10.9) | 78 (9.2) | < 0.001c |
Cerebrovascular Disease | 0 | 2974 (11.7) | 1692 (10.6) | 1170 (13.5) | 112 (13.2) | < 0.001c |
PVD | 0 | 1387 (5.4) | 786 (4.9) | 555 (6.4) | 46 (5.4) | < 0.001c |
ACE/ARB | 0 | 18,403 (72.3) | 11,445 (71.7) | 6354 (73.5) | 604 (71.2) | 0.009c |
Diuretics | 0 | 18,029 (70.8) | 11,071 (69.4) | 6354 (73.5) | 604 (71.2) | < 0.001c |
Statin | 0 | 17,385 (68.3) | 10,498 (65.8) | 6302 (72.9) | 585 (69.0) | < 0.001c |
Beta Blockers | 0 | 14,467 (56.8) | 8508 (53.3) | 5433 (62.8) | 526 (62.0) | < 0.001c |
Albumin | 3359 | 4.1 ± 0.36 | 4.2 ± 0.35 | 4.1 ± 0.38 | 4.1 ± 0.35 | < 0.001a |
Hemoglobin | 4019 | 13.1 ± 1.7 | 13.3 ± 1.7 | 12.8 ± 1.7 | 13.0 ± 1.7 | < 0.001a |
Proteinuria | 12,298 | 3190 (24.2) | 2013 (25.1) | 1075 (22.9) | 102 (23.0) | 0.014c |
CO2 | 64 | 25.8 ± 3.0 | 25.8 ± 3.0 | 25.7 ± 3.2 | 25.8 ± 3.1 | 0.007a |
Potassium | 51 | 4.4 ± 0.50 | 4.4 ± 0.49 | 4.4 ± 0.51 | 4.4 ± 0.51 | 0.36a |
Urine ph | 14,759 | 6.0 [5.0,6.5] | 6.0 [5.0,6.5] | 6.0 [5.0,6.5] | 6.0 [5.0,6.0] | 0.57b |
Insurance grouped | 0 |  |  |  |  | < 0.001c |
 Medicaid |  | 434 (1.7) | 229 (1.4) | 189 (2.2) | 16 (1.9) |  |
 Medicare |  | 18,508 (72.7) | 11,397 (71.4) | 6463 (74.8) | 648 (76.4) |  |
 Missing |  | 760 (3.0) | 492 (3.1) | 249 (2.9) | 19 (2.2) |  |
 Other |  | 5753 (22.6) | 3843 (24.1) | 1745 (20.2) | 165 (19.5) |  |