Table 4 Health assessment and measurements by CKD category

BMI categories

0.046^a *

 Underweight (< 18.5)

46 (3.6%)

3 (3.0%)

1 (1.8%)

 Normal (18.5 – 24.5)

427 (33.4%)

28 (28.0%)

28 (50.1%)

 Overweight (25–30)

442 (34.6%)

38 (38.0%)

14 (25.4%)

 Obese (30–34.5) or extremely obese (> 35)

363 (28.4%)

33 (33.0%)

10 (18.1%)

BMI, median (IQR)

27 (23–31)

28 (24–31)

24 (22–28)

0.004^b *

Serum uric acid (umol/L), median (IQR)

 Males (reference range 220–476)^c

321 (274 – 371)

435 (360—508)

523 (430 – 589)

 < 0.001^b *

 Females (reference range 161–363)^c

243 (206 – 249)

335 (245 – 400)

359 (288 – 500)

 < 0.001^b *

Serum BUN (mmol/L), median (IQR)

3.0 (2.4 – 3.7)

5.5 (3.9 – 9.0)

7.1 (5.5 – 9.4)

 < 0.001^b *

Serum Creatinine (umol/L), median (IQR)

59 (51—69)

127 (69 – 184)

172 (127 -236)

 < 0.001^b *

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²), median (IQR)

120 (110–129)

51 (36–105)

40 (25–54)

 < 0.001^b *

CKD Stages

 < 0.001^a *

 Proteinuria with eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m²

0

39 (39.0%)

8 (14.5%)

 Stage 3

0

42 (42.0%)

29 (52.7%)

 Stage 4

0

12 (12.0%)

13 (23.6%)

 Stage 5

0

7 (7.0%)

5 (9.1%)

Urine dipstick results

 Positive leukocyte esterase^d

144 (14.1%)

20 (20.8%)

12 (24.5%)

0.035^a *

 Positive nitrites^e

44 (4.3%)

7 (7.3%)

4 (8.1%)

0.144^a

 Proteinuria^f

 < 0.001^a *

  None

993 (100%)

39 (41.1%)

31 (63.2%)

  Trace

0

8 (8.4%)

9 (18.4%)

  30 mg/dl

0

5 (5.3%)

7 (14.3%)

  100 mg/dl

0

2 (2.1%)

2 (4.1%)

  300 mg/dl

0

36 (37.9%)

0

  1000 mg/dl

0

5 (5.3%)

0

Current symptoms

 High thirst

676 (52.4%)

57 (57.0%)

28 (50.1%)

0.653^a

 Dysuria

351 (27.2%)

28 (28.0%)

9 (16.4%)

0.203^a

 Dark urine

356 (27.6%)

36 (36.0%)

8 (14.5%)

0.015^a *

 Cramps

241 (18.7%)

37 (37.0%)

16 (29.1%)

 < 0.001^a *