Table 2 Univariate associations for COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalisation and death among kidney transplant recipients

Age^, median (IQR)

59 (20)

54 (20)

< 0.001

60 (18)

< 0.001

64.5 (14)

0.017

Male Sex (%)

172 (57)

95 (67)

1.5 (1.01–2.32)

0.046

38 (70)

1.3 (0.62–2.68)

0.49

7 (70)

1.2 (0.29–4.73)

1.0*

BMI^, median (IQR)∼

26.6 (8)

27.0 (8)

0.30

28.0 (7)

0.67

28.2 (11)

0.29

Place of birth

0.006

0.003

0.90

 Australia and New Zealand

131 (43)

48 (34)

10 (19)

2 (20)

 Pacific Islander

16 (5)

17 (12)

13 24)

1 (10)

 Asia

67 (22)

39 (28)

14 (26)

4 (40)

 North/South America

13 (4)

3 (2)

2 (4)

2 (20)

 Middle East/Africa

33 (11)

24 (17)

10 (19)

0 (0)

 Europe

42 (14)

11 (8)

5 (9)

1 (10)

Place of Birth

- Pacific Islander

16 (5)

17 (12)

2.4 (1.12–4.97)

0.012

13 (24)

6.7 (2.04–21.70)

< 0.001

1 (10)

0.8 (0.10–6.79)

1.0*

Interpreter required

78 (26)

41 (29)

1.2 (0.75–1.82)

0.50

17 (32)

1.2 (0.58–2.58)

0.59

5 (50)

2.7 (0.73–9.76)

0.13

Smoking status ∼

  Never

183 (61)

94 (66)

0.9 (0.56-

0.46

32 (60)

1.6 (0.79-

0.18

2 (20)

8.3 (1.64-

0.006*

  Former and Current

105 (35)

46 (33)

1.31)

21 (40)

3.34)

7 (78)

41.53)

CO-MORBIDITIES (%)

Hypertension

256 (85)

120 (85)

1.0 (0.56–1.70)

0.94

45 (83)

0.9 (0.34–2.19)

0.76

8 (80)

0.7 (0.14–3.61)

0.65*

Diabetes

149 (49)

72 (51)

1.1 (0.71–1.57)

0.79

34 (63)

2.2 (1.12–4.48)

0.022

8 (80)

4.3 (0.87–20.77)

0.097*

Cardiac Disease

79 (26)

42 (30)

1.2 (0.76–1.85)

0.45

21 (39)

2.0 (0.97–4.23)

0.057

4 (40)

1.6 (0.44–6.17)

0.48*

Respiratory Disease

67 (22)

22 (16)

0.6 (0.38–1.09)

0.10

11 (20)

1.8 (0.72–4.47)

0.21

5 (50)

6.8 (1.77–25.84)

0.002

Peripheral vascular disease

15 (5)

7 (5)

1.0 (0.40–2.50)

0.99

6 (11)

10.9 (1.27-93.00)

0.012*

3 (30)

13.7 (2.56–73.52)

0.008*

Neurological disease

78 (26)

28 (20)

0.7 (0.43–1.15)

0.16

12 (22)

1.3 (0.56–2.98)

0.56

3 (30)

1.8 (0.40–7.60)

0.41*

Haematological disease

46 (15)

19 (13)

0.9 (0.48–1.53)

0.61

6 (11)

0.7 (0.26–2.03)

0.53

2 (20)

1.7 (0.33–8.64)

0.62*

Liver disease

25 (8)

10 (7)

0.8 (0.39–1.80)

0.65

5 (9)

1.7 (0.47–6.15)

0.42

0

-

1.00*

Chronic Hepatitis B

11 (4)

7 (5)

1.4 (0.52–3.62)

0.52

4 (7)

2.3 (0.49–10.54)

0.43*

0

-

1.00*

Hepatitis C

2 (1)

3 (2)

3.2 (0.54–19.60)

0.33*

0

-

0.29*

0

-

1.00*

Autoimmune disease

33 (11)

12 (9)

0.8 (0.38–1.51)

0.42

4 (7)

0.8 (0.23–2.80)

1.0*

1 (10)

1.2 (0.14–10.56)

0.60*

Current Malignancy

27 (9)

6 (4)

0.4 (0.18–1.11)

0.087

0

-

0.083*

0

1.00*

Egfr start, Mean (SD) #

58 (21.4)

53 (22.6)

0.016

45.3 (19.7)

< 0.001

48 (22.5)

0.43

RENAL FAILURE HISTORY

Dialysis modality ∼

  Peritoneal Dialysis

90 (30)

29 (21)

0.15

7 (13)

0.018

1 (10)

0.25

  Haemodialysis

116 (39)

58 (41)

30 (57)

7 (70)

  Both

66 (22)

41 (29)

14 (26)

1 (10)

  Pre-emptive

25 (8)

13 (9)

2 (4)

1 (10)

Dialysis Modality ∼

  HD

116 (38)

58 (41)

1.1 (0.74–1.66)

0.62

30 (56)

2.7 (1.33-

0.005

7 (70)

3.7 (0.92-

0.091*

  Other

186 (62)

84 (59)

24 (44)

5.39)

3 (30)

14.99)

Modality change

5 (2)

3 (2)

1.2 (0.30–5.44)

0.72*

2 (2)

0.8(0.07–9.17)

1.00*

0

-

1.0*

Primary Cause of Renal Failure

  Glomerulonephritis

152 (50)

70(49)

0.31

20 (37)

0.087

4 (40)

0.88

  Diabetes

37 (12)

29 (20)

17 (32)

3 (30)

  ADPCKD

33 (11)

14 (10)

4 (7)

1(10)

  Obstructive Uropathy

26 (9)

10 (7)

4 (7)

1 (10)

  Hypertension

25 (8)

9 (6)

5 (9.3)

1 (10)

  Other

29 (10)

10 (7)

4 (7.4)

0 (0)

TRANSPLANT

Transplant Timing

 Other

277 (92)

129 (91)

1.1 (0.55–2.25)

0.76

52 (96)

0.3(0.06-

0.13*

9 (90)

1.1 (0.13-

1.0*

 Pre Emptive

25 (8)

13 (9)

2 (4)

1.27)

1 (10)

9.53)

Donor Type ∼

  Live

90 (30)

39 (27)

1.2 (0.74–1.81)

0.51

5 (9)

6.2 (2.24-

< 0.001

2 (20)

0.6 (0.32-

0.72*

  Deceased

205 (68)

103 (73)

49 (91)

17.03)

8 (80)

7.68)

Number of transplants

  1

290 (96)

139 (98)

1.9 (0.53–6.90)

0.41*

52 (96)

0.3 (0.03-

0.56*

10 (100)

1.0*

  2 or 3

12 (4)

3 (2)

2 (4)

3.38)

0 (0)

Mismatches∼

  0–1

20 (7)

8 (6)

0.40

2 (4)

0.71

0

0.53

  2–3

65 (22)

29 (20)

11 (24)

3 (38)

  4–6

138 (46)

83 (58)

33 (72)

5 (63)

Transplant vintage months, median (IQR) ^

75.5 (115)

54.5 (96)

0.003

55.5 (113)

0.73

81.5 (119)

0.52

MEDICATIONS

Prednisolone

274 (91)

137 (97)

2.8 (1.06–7.41)

0.031

51 (94)

0.4 (0.06–2.45)

0.37

10 (100)

-

1.00*

 Prednisolone (mg/day)

median (IQR)

5.0 (5)

6.0 (5)

0.008

7.0 (5)

0.80

5 (3)

0.061

MMF

245 (81)

111 (78)

0.8 (0.51–1.36)

0.47

41 (76)

0.8 (0.36–1.83)

0.61

7 (70)

0.6 (0.15–2.59)

0.46*

  MMF (mg/day) #

mean (SD)

1166 (493)

1244 (499)

0.17

1094 (416)

0.015

1411 (342)

0.36

Tacrolimus

206 (68)

115 (81)

2.0 (1.22–3.22)

0.005

43 (80)

0.9 (0.37–2.04)

0.75

6 (60)

0.3 (0.08–1.21)

0.096*

  Tac level (ng/ml) ^,

Median (IQR)

6.1 (3)

6.4 (3)

0.33

7.1 (4)

0.31

7.9 (2)

0.16

Ciclosporin

35 (12)

8 (6)

0.5 (0.21–1.01)

0.048

4 (7)

1.7 (0.40–7.02)

0.48*

1 (10)

2.0 (0.22–17.94)

0.45*

CYA level (ng/ml)^

median (IQR)

85.0 (154)

263.0 (360)

0.023

314.0 (651)

0.86

-

1.0

Any CNI

241 (80)

123 (87)

1.7 (0.94–2.87)

0.081

47 (87)

1.1 (0.39–2.88)

0.91

7 (70)

0.3 (0.08–1.37)

0.13*

Everolimus

28 (9)

14 (10)

1.1 (0.55–2.10)

0.84

5 (9)

0.9 (0.28–2.83)

0.85

1 (10)

1.0 (0.12–8.68)

1.0*

 Everolimus level (ng/ml (#

mean (SD)

5.2 (2.0)

5.5 (1.3)

0.67

5.5 (1.5)

0.98

4.0(-)

0.25

Sirolimus

19 (6)

3 (2)

0.3 (0.09–1.11)

0.058

1 (2.0)

0.8 (0.07–9.17)

1.00*

0

-

1.0*

  Sirolimus level (ng/ml) #

mean (SD)

6.1 (1.4)

4.5 (2.2)

0.12

-

0.16

-

-

Any mTOR

47 (16)

17 (12)

0.7 (0.41–1.34)

0.32

6 (11)

0.9 (0.30–2.52)

0.81

1 (10)

0.8 (0.10–6.79)

1.0*

Azathioprine

8 (6)

31 (10)

0.5 (0.23–1.17)

0.11

3 (6)

1.0 (0.22–4.26)

1.0*

1 (10)

1.9 (0.22–17.94)

0.45*

 Azathioprine dose (mg/day) # mean (SD)

85 (36.2)

75 (42.3)

0.49

75 (43.3)

1.0

-

0.23

ATG

29 (10)

17 (12)

1.2 (0.68–2.42)

0.45

5 (9)

0.6 (0.21–1.95)

0.44

0 (0)

0.61*

Time to ATG (years) ^, median(IQR)

3.0 (7)

2.0 (5)

0.14

6.0 (7)

0.027

0 (0)

-

Use of any Blood Thinner

98 (33)

37 (26)

0.7 (0.47–1.15)

0.17

20 (37)

2.5 (1.14–5.28)

0.020

4 (40)

2.0 (0.53–7.53)

0.29*

VACCINATION HISTORY

Vaccination∼

  0–2 Doses

53 (18)

43 (30)

0.5 (0.31–0.79)

0.003

19 (35.2)

0.7 (0.33-

0.32

6 (60.0)

0.3

0.067*

  3–4 Doses

245 (81)

99 (70)

35 (64.8)

1.43)

4 (40.0)

(0.070–0.97)

Seroconversion∼∼

24 (40.0)

3 (13)

0.2 (0.06–0.84)

0.020*

0

-

0.53

-

-

COVID-19 THERAPIES

Sotrovimab

-

62 (44)

-

-

19 (35.2)

0.6 (0.28–1.14)

0.11

0

0.005*

  Time to sotrovimab (days) median (IQR) ^

-

1 (3)

-

-

1 (3)

0.88

Molpurinovir

-

11 (8)

-

-

2 (4)

0.3 (0.07–1.63)

0.21*

0

1.00*