Table 3 Univariate analysis according to light microscopy pattern of glomerular injury

Number of patients

33

80

46

7

48

Clinical parameters

Age (years)

41 ± 14.4

42.9 ± 13.6

40.4 ± 11

33.3 ± 15.1

41.1 ± 10.4

0.35

Sex (male, %)

54.5%

75%

63%

28.6%

68.8%

0.04

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

91 ± 14

100 ± 15

102 ± 13

103 ± 10

101 ± 16

0.02

Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

1.56 ± 1.87

1.72 ± 0.93

2.15 ± 1.26

2.06 ± 1.24

2.7 ± 2.2

< 0.001

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m²)

74 ± 29

59 ± 30

49 ± 31

54 ± 33

40 ± 25

< 0.001

CKD stage (%)

• G1

36.4%

17.5%

8.7%

14.3%

6.2%

0.001

• G2

33.3%

30%

26.1%

28.6%

8.3%

• G3

27.3%

32.5%

30.4%

28.6%

45.8%

• G4

3%

18.8%

21.7%

14.3%

29.2%

• G5

0%

1.2%

13%

14.3%

10.4%

Albumin (g/dL)

4.2 ± 0.6

4.1 ± 0.5

3.9 ± 0.7

2.8 ± 1.02

4.1 ± 0.4

0.001

Serum IgA (mg/dL)

371 ± 182

379 ± 183

329 ± 86

246 ± 84

322 ± 107

0.37

Increased serum IgA (% pf pts.)

25%

40.4%

16.7%

0%

20.7%

0.09

Serum C3 (mg/dL)

120.3 ± 30.6

115.4 ± 24.2

114.7 ± 21.6

132.3 ± 26.6

113 ± 22.5

0.39

Decreased serum C3 (% of pts.)

13.8%

12.7%

13.8%

0%

13.9%

0.91

IgA/C3 ratio

3.2 ± 1.6

3.5 ± 2.1

3.02 ± 0.8

1.9 ± 0.4

2.9 ± 0.9

0.15

Hematuria (cells/µL)

30 (15–49)

36 (17–97)

35 (15–83)

903 (117–1925)

22 (7–44)

0.002

Hematuria (% of pts)

• Absent

30.3%

35.9%

31.8%

0%

54.3%

0.003

• Mild

45.5%

23.1%

29.5%

16.7%

23.9%

• Moderate

12.1%

27.9%

20.5%

0%

10.9%

• Severe

12.1%

23.1%

18.2%

83.3%

10.9%

24-h proteinuria (g/24 h)

0.8 (0.2–1.6)

1.3 (0.7–2.8)

2.2 (1.2–4.5)

8.7 (4.9–11)

1.7 (1.03–3.2)

< 0.001

24-h proteinuria (% of pts)

• Proteinuria < 0.75 g/24 h(%)

48.3%

24.4%

9.8%

0%

19.6%

< 0.001

• Proteinuria 0.75–3.5 g/24 h (%)

41.4%

59%

53.7%

14.3%

60.9%

• Proteinuria > 3.5 g/24 h (%)

10.3%

16.7%

36.6%

85.7%

19.6%

Treatment

• RAAS blockade(%)

87.9%

89.7%

86%

71.4%

89.4%

0.68

• Corticosteroids monotherapy (%)

33.3%

50%

41.9%

0%

59.6%

< 0.001

• Corticosteroids ± other IS agents (%)

12.1%

16.7%

46.5%

100%

19.1%

Histological parameters

Global glomerulosclerosis (% pf glomeruli)

0% (0–19)

5.8% (0-28.5)

20% (0–33)

9.3% (0-16.6)

53.8% (33.3–66.6)

< 0.001

Intense C3 staining on IF (% of patients)

29.6%

67.6%

64.9%

57.1%

68.3%

0.009

IgA staining on IF (% of patients)

• Alone

40.7%

25%

14.7%

0%

12.5%

0.11

• IgA + IgG co-deposition

33.3%

42.6%

35.3%

40%

40%

• IgA + IgM co-deposition

26%

32.4%

50%

60%

47.5%

Arteriolar hyalinosis (% of patients)

60.6%

59.2%

58.1%

71.4%

93.5%

0.001

Arteriosclerosis (% of patients)

33.3%

21.1%

23.3%

28.6%

52.2%

0.006

Outcome

• Doubling of serum creatinine (%)

0%

12.5%

21.7%

57.1%

31.2%

< 0.001

• ESRD (%)

0%

12.5%

34.8%

57.1%

47.9%

< 0.001

• Combined endpoint (%)

0%

18.8%

34.8%

71.4%

54.2%

< 0.001

eGFR decline*

• eGFR change/y (ml/min/1.73m²/y)

+ 1.2

(-0.79 to 9.03)

-0.29

(-3.02 to 1.87)

-0.45

(-2.83 to 3.97)

-2.32

(-10.3 to 3.71)

-2.16

(-6.01 to -0.07)

< 0.001

• Percentage eGFR change (%)

+ 7.1%

(3.45 to 30.7)

-4%

(-12.9 to 7.31)

-4.27%

(-12.3 to 27.6)

-43.3%

(-87.4 to 49.8)

-26.4%

(-36.3 to 14.2)

< 0.001

• eGFR decline > 5 ml/min/y (% of pts.)

3%

16%

16.3%

42.9%

37.8%

0.001